AustralieFrV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 003677

Novel Approach Identifies SNPs in SLC2A10 and KCNK9 with Evidence for Parent-of-Origin Effect on Body Mass Index

Identifieur interne : 003677 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003676; suivant : 003678

Novel Approach Identifies SNPs in SLC2A10 and KCNK9 with Evidence for Parent-of-Origin Effect on Body Mass Index

Auteurs : Clive J. Hoggart [Royaume-Uni] ; Giulia Venturini [Suisse] ; Massimo Mangino [Royaume-Uni] ; Felicia Gomez [États-Unis] ; Giulia Ascari [Suisse] ; Jing Hua Zhao [Royaume-Uni] ; Alexander Teumer [Allemagne] ; Thomas W. Winkler [Allemagne] ; Natalia Tšernikova [Estonie] ; Jian'An Luan [Royaume-Uni] ; Evelin Mihailov [Estonie] ; Georg B. Ehret [États-Unis, Suisse] ; Weihua Zhang [Royaume-Uni] ; David Lamparter [Suisse] ; T Nu Esko [États-Unis] ; Aurelien Macé [Suisse] ; Sina Rüeger [Suisse] ; Pierre-Yves Bochud [Suisse] ; Matteo Barcella [Italie] ; Yves Dauvilliers [France] ; Beben Benyamin [Australie] ; David M. Evans [Royaume-Uni, Australie] ; Caroline Hayward [Royaume-Uni] ; Mary F. Lopez [États-Unis] ; Lude Franke [Pays-Bas] ; Alessia Russo [Italie] ; Iris M. Heid [Allemagne] ; Erika Salvi [Italie] ; Sailaja Vendantam [États-Unis] ; Dan E. Arking [États-Unis] ; Eric Boerwinkle [États-Unis] ; John C. Chambers [Royaume-Uni] ; Giovanni Fiorito [Italie] ; Harald Grallert [Allemagne] ; Simonetta Guarrera [Italie] ; Georg Homuth [Allemagne] ; Jennifer E. Huffman [Royaume-Uni] ; David Porteous [Royaume-Uni] ; Darius Moradpour [Suisse] ; Alex Iranzo [Espagne] ; Johannes Hebebrand [Allemagne] ; John P. Kemp [Royaume-Uni] ; Gert J. Lammers [Pays-Bas] ; Vincent Aubert [Suisse] ; Markus H. Heim [Suisse] ; Nicholas G. Martin [Australie] ; Grant W. Montgomery [Australie] ; Rosa Peraita-Adrados [Espagne] ; Joan Santamaria [Espagne] ; Francesco Negro [Suisse] ; Carsten O. Schmidt [Allemagne] ; Robert A. Scott [Royaume-Uni] ; Tim D. Spector [Royaume-Uni] ; Konstantin Strauch [Allemagne] ; Henry Völzke [Allemagne] ; Nicholas J. Wareham [Royaume-Uni] ; Wei Yuan [Royaume-Uni] ; Jordana T. Bell [Royaume-Uni] ; Aravinda Chakravarti [États-Unis] ; Jaspal S. Kooner [Royaume-Uni] ; Annette Peters [Allemagne] ; Giuseppe Matullo [Italie] ; Henri Wallaschofski [Allemagne] ; John B. Whitfield [Australie] ; Fred Paccaud [Suisse] ; Peter Vollenweider [Suisse] ; Sven Bergmann [Suisse] ; Jacques S. Beckmann [Suisse] ; Mehdi Tafti [Suisse] ; Nicholas D. Hastie [Royaume-Uni] ; Daniele Cusi [Italie] ; Murielle Bochud [Suisse] ; Timothy M. Frayling [Royaume-Uni] ; Andres Metspalu [Estonie] ; Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin [Finlande, Royaume-Uni] ; André Scherag [Allemagne] ; George Davey Smith [Royaume-Uni] ; Ingrid B. Borecki [États-Unis] ; Valentin Rousson [Suisse] ; Joel N. Hirschhorn [États-Unis] ; Carlo Rivolta [Suisse] ; Ruth J. F. Loos [Royaume-Uni, États-Unis] ; Zoltán Kutalik [Suisse]

Source :

PLoS Genetics [ 1553-7390 ] ; 2014.

RBID : PMC:4117451

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Adult, Body Mass Index, European Continental Ancestry Group (genetics), Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genomic Imprinting, Genotype, Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative (genetics), Humans, Male, Obesity (genetics), Obesity (pathology), Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide (genetics), Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain (genetics).
MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative, Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain.
- genetics : European Continental Ancestry Group, Obesity, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide.
- pathology : Obesity.
- Adult, Body Mass Index, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genomic Imprinting, Genotype, Humans, Male.

Abstract

The phenotypic effect of some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) depends on their parental origin. We present a novel approach to detect parent-of-origin effects (POEs) in genome-wide genotype data of unrelated individuals. The method exploits increased phenotypic variance in the heterozygous genotype group relative to the homozygous groups. We applied the method to >56,000 unrelated individuals to search for POEs influencing body mass index (BMI). Six lead SNPs were carried forward for replication in five family-based studies (of ∼4,000 trios). Two SNPs replicated: the paternal rs2471083-C allele (located near the imprinted KCNK9 gene) and the paternal rs3091869-T allele (located near the SLC2A10 gene) increased BMI equally (beta = 0.11 (SD), P<0.0027) compared to the respective maternal alleles. Real-time PCR experiments of lymphoblastoid cell lines from the CEPH families showed that expression of both genes was dependent on parental origin of the SNPs alleles (P<0.01). Our scheme opens new opportunities to exploit GWAS data of unrelated individuals to identify POEs and demonstrates that they play an important role in adult obesity.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4117451

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004508
PubMed: 25078964
PubMed Central: 4117451

Affiliations:

Le document en format XML

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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Mace, Aurelien" sort="Mace, Aurelien" uniqKey="Mace A" first="Aurelien" last="Macé">Aurelien Macé</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Rueger, Sina" sort="Rueger, Sina" uniqKey="Rueger S" first="Sina" last="Rüeger">Sina Rüeger</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Bochud, Pierre Yves" sort="Bochud, Pierre Yves" uniqKey="Bochud P" first="Pierre-Yves" last="Bochud">Pierre-Yves Bochud</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Barcella, Matteo" sort="Barcella, Matteo" uniqKey="Barcella M" first="Matteo" last="Barcella">Matteo Barcella</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dauvilliers, Yves" sort="Dauvilliers, Yves" uniqKey="Dauvilliers Y" first="Yves" last="Dauvilliers">Yves Dauvilliers</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff21"><addr-line>National Reference Network for Orphan Diseases (Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Reference Network for Orphan Diseases (Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Benyamin, Beben" sort="Benyamin, Beben" uniqKey="Benyamin B" first="Beben" last="Benyamin">Beben Benyamin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22"><addr-line>Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Evans, David M" sort="Evans, David M" uniqKey="Evans D" first="David M." last="Evans">David M. Evans</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24"><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25"><addr-line>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26"><addr-line>Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff27"><addr-line>MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lopez, Mary F" sort="Lopez, Mary F" uniqKey="Lopez M" first="Mary F." last="Lopez">Mary F. Lopez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff15"><addr-line>Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research and Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research and Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><addr-line>Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff28"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franke, Lude" sort="Franke, Lude" uniqKey="Franke L" first="Lude" last="Franke">Lude Franke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff29"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Russo, Alessia" sort="Russo, Alessia" uniqKey="Russo A" first="Alessia" last="Russo">Alessia Russo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff30"><addr-line>Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases Unit, Human Genetics Foundation and Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases Unit, Human Genetics Foundation and Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heid, Iris M" sort="Heid, Iris M" uniqKey="Heid I" first="Iris M." last="Heid">Iris M. Heid</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Regensburg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Regensburg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Regensburg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salvi, Erika" sort="Salvi, Erika" uniqKey="Salvi E" first="Erika" last="Salvi">Erika Salvi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Lombardie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vendantam, Sailaja" sort="Vendantam, Sailaja" uniqKey="Vendantam S" first="Sailaja" last="Vendantam">Sailaja Vendantam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff15"><addr-line>Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research and Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research and Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><addr-line>Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arking, Dan E" sort="Arking, Dan E" uniqKey="Arking D" first="Dan E." last="Arking">Dan E. Arking</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boerwinkle, Eric" sort="Boerwinkle, Eric" uniqKey="Boerwinkle E" first="Eric" last="Boerwinkle">Eric Boerwinkle</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff31"><addr-line>Human Genetics Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Human Genetics Center, Houston, Texas</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chambers, John C" sort="Chambers, John C" uniqKey="Chambers J" first="John C." last="Chambers">John C. Chambers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff13"><addr-line>Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fiorito, Giovanni" sort="Fiorito, Giovanni" uniqKey="Fiorito G" first="Giovanni" last="Fiorito">Giovanni Fiorito</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff30"><addr-line>Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases Unit, Human Genetics Foundation and Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases Unit, Human Genetics Foundation and Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff32"><addr-line>Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guarrera, Simonetta" sort="Guarrera, Simonetta" uniqKey="Guarrera S" first="Simonetta" last="Guarrera">Simonetta Guarrera</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff33"><addr-line>Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases Unit, Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases Unit, Human Genetics Foundation, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Homuth, Georg" sort="Homuth, Georg" uniqKey="Homuth G" first="Georg" last="Homuth">Georg Homuth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huffman, Jennifer E" sort="Huffman, Jennifer E" uniqKey="Huffman J" first="Jennifer E." last="Huffman">Jennifer E. Huffman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff27"><addr-line>MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Porteous, David" sort="Porteous, David" uniqKey="Porteous D" first="David" last="Porteous">David Porteous</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff34"><addr-line>Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moradpour, Darius" sort="Moradpour, Darius" uniqKey="Moradpour D" first="Darius" last="Moradpour">Darius Moradpour</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff35"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iranzo, Alex" sort="Iranzo, Alex" uniqKey="Iranzo A" first="Alex" last="Iranzo">Alex Iranzo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff36"><addr-line>Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hebebrand, Johannes" sort="Hebebrand, Johannes" uniqKey="Hebebrand J" first="Johannes" last="Hebebrand">Johannes Hebebrand</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37"><addr-line>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kemp, John P" sort="Kemp, John P" uniqKey="Kemp J" first="John P." last="Kemp">John P. Kemp</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24"><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25"><addr-line>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lammers, Gert J" sort="Lammers, Gert J" uniqKey="Lammers G" first="Gert J." last="Lammers">Gert J. Lammers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff38"><addr-line>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Leyde</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff39"><addr-line>Sleep Wake Center SEIN, Heemstede, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Sleep Wake Center SEIN, Heemstede</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Heemstede</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aubert, Vincent" sort="Aubert, Vincent" uniqKey="Aubert V" first="Vincent" last="Aubert">Vincent Aubert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff40"><addr-line>Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heim, Markus H" sort="Heim, Markus H" uniqKey="Heim M" first="Markus H." last="Heim">Markus H. Heim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff41"><addr-line>Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Basel, Basel</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, Nicholas G" sort="Martin, Nicholas G" uniqKey="Martin N" first="Nicholas G." last="Martin">Nicholas G. Martin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montgomery, Grant W" sort="Montgomery, Grant W" uniqKey="Montgomery G" first="Grant W." last="Montgomery">Grant W. Montgomery</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff42"><addr-line>Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peraita Adrados, Rosa" sort="Peraita Adrados, Rosa" uniqKey="Peraita Adrados R" first="Rosa" last="Peraita-Adrados">Rosa Peraita-Adrados</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff43"><addr-line>Sleep and Epilepsy Unit - Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Sleep and Epilepsy Unit - Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santamaria, Joan" sort="Santamaria, Joan" uniqKey="Santamaria J" first="Joan" last="Santamaria">Joan Santamaria</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff36"><addr-line>Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Negro, Francesco" sort="Negro, Francesco" uniqKey="Negro F" first="Francesco" last="Negro">Francesco Negro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44"><addr-line>Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Service of Clinical Pathology, Geneva, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Service of Clinical Pathology, Geneva</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Geneva</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Carsten O" sort="Schmidt, Carsten O" uniqKey="Schmidt C" first="Carsten O." last="Schmidt">Carsten O. Schmidt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff45"><addr-line>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scott, Robert A" sort="Scott, Robert A" uniqKey="Scott R" first="Robert A." last="Scott">Robert A. Scott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>MRC-Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC-Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spector, Tim D" sort="Spector, Tim D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Tim D." last="Spector">Tim D. Spector</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Strauch, Konstantin" sort="Strauch, Konstantin" uniqKey="Strauch K" first="Konstantin" last="Strauch">Konstantin Strauch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff46"><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff47"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Volzke, Henry" sort="Volzke, Henry" uniqKey="Volzke H" first="Henry" last="Völzke">Henry Völzke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff45"><addr-line>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J." last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>MRC-Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC-Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, Wei" sort="Yuan, Wei" uniqKey="Yuan W" first="Wei" last="Yuan">Wei Yuan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bell, Jordana T" sort="Bell, Jordana T" uniqKey="Bell J" first="Jordana T." last="Bell">Jordana T. Bell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chakravarti, Aravinda" sort="Chakravarti, Aravinda" uniqKey="Chakravarti A" first="Aravinda" last="Chakravarti">Aravinda Chakravarti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kooner, Jaspal S" sort="Kooner, Jaspal S" uniqKey="Kooner J" first="Jaspal S." last="Kooner">Jaspal S. Kooner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff48"><addr-line>Cardiovascular Science, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cardiovascular Science, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peters, Annette" sort="Peters, Annette" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Annette" last="Peters">Annette Peters</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff49"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50"><addr-line>Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetes, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetes, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matullo, Giuseppe" sort="Matullo, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Matullo G" first="Giuseppe" last="Matullo">Giuseppe Matullo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff30"><addr-line>Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases Unit, Human Genetics Foundation and Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases Unit, Human Genetics Foundation and Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wallaschofski, Henri" sort="Wallaschofski, Henri" uniqKey="Wallaschofski H" first="Henri" last="Wallaschofski">Henri Wallaschofski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff51"><addr-line>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Whitfield, John B" sort="Whitfield, John B" uniqKey="Whitfield J" first="John B." last="Whitfield">John B. Whitfield</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paccaud, Fred" sort="Paccaud, Fred" uniqKey="Paccaud F" first="Fred" last="Paccaud">Fred Paccaud</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff52"><addr-line>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff53"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bergmann, Sven" sort="Bergmann, Sven" uniqKey="Bergmann S" first="Sven" last="Bergmann">Sven Bergmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beckmann, Jacques S" sort="Beckmann, Jacques S" uniqKey="Beckmann J" first="Jacques S." last="Beckmann">Jacques S. Beckmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tafti, Mehdi" sort="Tafti, Mehdi" uniqKey="Tafti M" first="Mehdi" last="Tafti">Mehdi Tafti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff54"><addr-line>Center for Integrative Genomics (CIG), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Integrative Genomics (CIG), University of Lausanne, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff55"><addr-line>Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (CIRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (CIRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hastie, Nicholas D" sort="Hastie, Nicholas D" uniqKey="Hastie N" first="Nicholas D." last="Hastie">Nicholas D. Hastie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff27"><addr-line>MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cusi, Daniele" sort="Cusi, Daniele" uniqKey="Cusi D" first="Daniele" last="Cusi">Daniele Cusi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Lombardie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bochud, Murielle" sort="Bochud, Murielle" uniqKey="Bochud M" first="Murielle" last="Bochud">Murielle Bochud</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff52"><addr-line>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frayling, Timothy M" sort="Frayling, Timothy M" uniqKey="Frayling T" first="Timothy M." last="Frayling">Timothy M. Frayling</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff56"><addr-line>University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Exeter</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tartu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tartu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tartu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="Jarvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="Jarvelin">Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff57"><addr-line>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff58"><addr-line>Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff59"><addr-line>Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff60"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff61"><addr-line>Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scherag, Andre" sort="Scherag, Andre" uniqKey="Scherag A" first="André" last="Scherag">André Scherag</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff62"><addr-line>Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff63"><addr-line>Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Jena</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Jena</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Jena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, George Davey" sort="Smith, George Davey" uniqKey="Smith G" first="George Davey" last="Smith">George Davey Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24"><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25"><addr-line>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borecki, Ingrid B" sort="Borecki, Ingrid B" uniqKey="Borecki I" first="Ingrid B." last="Borecki">Ingrid B. Borecki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rousson, Valentin" sort="Rousson, Valentin" uniqKey="Rousson V" first="Valentin" last="Rousson">Valentin Rousson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff52"><addr-line>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff15"><addr-line>Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research and Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research and Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><addr-line>Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff17"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rivolta, Carlo" sort="Rivolta, Carlo" uniqKey="Rivolta C" first="Carlo" last="Rivolta">Carlo Rivolta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth J F" sort="Loos, Ruth J F" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth J. F." last="Loos">Ruth J. F. Loos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>MRC-Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC-Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff64"><addr-line>The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff65"><addr-line>The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff66"><addr-line>The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
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</placeName>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Novel Approach Identifies SNPs in <italic>SLC2A10</italic>
 and <italic>KCNK9</italic>
 with Evidence for Parent-of-Origin Effect on Body Mass Index</title>
<author><name sortKey="Hoggart, Clive J" sort="Hoggart, Clive J" uniqKey="Hoggart C" first="Clive J." last="Hoggart">Clive J. Hoggart</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Venturini, Giulia" sort="Venturini, Giulia" uniqKey="Venturini G" first="Giulia" last="Venturini">Giulia Venturini</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Mangino, Massimo" sort="Mangino, Massimo" uniqKey="Mangino M" first="Massimo" last="Mangino">Massimo Mangino</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Gomez, Felicia" sort="Gomez, Felicia" uniqKey="Gomez F" first="Felicia" last="Gomez">Felicia Gomez</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Ascari, Giulia" sort="Ascari, Giulia" uniqKey="Ascari G" first="Giulia" last="Ascari">Giulia Ascari</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
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</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jing Hua" sort="Zhao, Jing Hua" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jing Hua" last="Zhao">Jing Hua Zhao</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC-Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Teumer, Alexander" sort="Teumer, Alexander" uniqKey="Teumer A" first="Alexander" last="Teumer">Alexander Teumer</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
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<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Winkler, Thomas W" sort="Winkler, Thomas W" uniqKey="Winkler T" first="Thomas W." last="Winkler">Thomas W. Winkler</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg</wicri:regionArea>
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<wicri:noRegion>Regensburg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Regensburg</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Tsernikova, Natalia" sort="Tsernikova, Natalia" uniqKey="Tsernikova N" first="Natalia" last="Tšernikova">Natalia Tšernikova</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tartu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tartu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian An" sort="Luan, Jian An" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian'An" last="Luan">Jian'An Luan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>MRC-Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC-Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mihailov, Evelin" sort="Mihailov, Evelin" uniqKey="Mihailov E" first="Evelin" last="Mihailov">Evelin Mihailov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tartu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tartu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ehret, Georg B" sort="Ehret, Georg B" uniqKey="Ehret G" first="Georg B." last="Ehret">Georg B. Ehret</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><addr-line>Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Weihua" sort="Zhang, Weihua" uniqKey="Zhang W" first="Weihua" last="Zhang">Weihua Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff13"><addr-line>Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lamparter, David" sort="Lamparter, David" uniqKey="Lamparter D" first="David" last="Lamparter">David Lamparter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Esko, T Nu" sort="Esko, T Nu" uniqKey="Esko T" first="T Nu" last="Esko">T Nu Esko</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff15"><addr-line>Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research and Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research and Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><addr-line>Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff17"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mace, Aurelien" sort="Mace, Aurelien" uniqKey="Mace A" first="Aurelien" last="Macé">Aurelien Macé</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rueger, Sina" sort="Rueger, Sina" uniqKey="Rueger S" first="Sina" last="Rüeger">Sina Rüeger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bochud, Pierre Yves" sort="Bochud, Pierre Yves" uniqKey="Bochud P" first="Pierre-Yves" last="Bochud">Pierre-Yves Bochud</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff18"><addr-line>Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barcella, Matteo" sort="Barcella, Matteo" uniqKey="Barcella M" first="Matteo" last="Barcella">Matteo Barcella</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Lombardie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dauvilliers, Yves" sort="Dauvilliers, Yves" uniqKey="Dauvilliers Y" first="Yves" last="Dauvilliers">Yves Dauvilliers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff20"><addr-line>INSERM-U1061, Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INSERM-U1061, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff21"><addr-line>National Reference Network for Orphan Diseases (Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Reference Network for Orphan Diseases (Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Benyamin, Beben" sort="Benyamin, Beben" uniqKey="Benyamin B" first="Beben" last="Benyamin">Beben Benyamin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22"><addr-line>Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Evans, David M" sort="Evans, David M" uniqKey="Evans D" first="David M." last="Evans">David M. Evans</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24"><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25"><addr-line>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26"><addr-line>Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayward, Caroline" sort="Hayward, Caroline" uniqKey="Hayward C" first="Caroline" last="Hayward">Caroline Hayward</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff27"><addr-line>MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lopez, Mary F" sort="Lopez, Mary F" uniqKey="Lopez M" first="Mary F." last="Lopez">Mary F. Lopez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff15"><addr-line>Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research and Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research and Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><addr-line>Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff28"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franke, Lude" sort="Franke, Lude" uniqKey="Franke L" first="Lude" last="Franke">Lude Franke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff29"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Russo, Alessia" sort="Russo, Alessia" uniqKey="Russo A" first="Alessia" last="Russo">Alessia Russo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff30"><addr-line>Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases Unit, Human Genetics Foundation and Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases Unit, Human Genetics Foundation and Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heid, Iris M" sort="Heid, Iris M" uniqKey="Heid I" first="Iris M." last="Heid">Iris M. Heid</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Regensburg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Regensburg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Regensburg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salvi, Erika" sort="Salvi, Erika" uniqKey="Salvi E" first="Erika" last="Salvi">Erika Salvi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Lombardie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vendantam, Sailaja" sort="Vendantam, Sailaja" uniqKey="Vendantam S" first="Sailaja" last="Vendantam">Sailaja Vendantam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff15"><addr-line>Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research and Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research and Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><addr-line>Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arking, Dan E" sort="Arking, Dan E" uniqKey="Arking D" first="Dan E." last="Arking">Dan E. Arking</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boerwinkle, Eric" sort="Boerwinkle, Eric" uniqKey="Boerwinkle E" first="Eric" last="Boerwinkle">Eric Boerwinkle</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff31"><addr-line>Human Genetics Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Human Genetics Center, Houston, Texas</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chambers, John C" sort="Chambers, John C" uniqKey="Chambers J" first="John C." last="Chambers">John C. Chambers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff13"><addr-line>Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fiorito, Giovanni" sort="Fiorito, Giovanni" uniqKey="Fiorito G" first="Giovanni" last="Fiorito">Giovanni Fiorito</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff30"><addr-line>Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases Unit, Human Genetics Foundation and Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases Unit, Human Genetics Foundation and Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grallert, Harald" sort="Grallert, Harald" uniqKey="Grallert H" first="Harald" last="Grallert">Harald Grallert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff32"><addr-line>Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guarrera, Simonetta" sort="Guarrera, Simonetta" uniqKey="Guarrera S" first="Simonetta" last="Guarrera">Simonetta Guarrera</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff33"><addr-line>Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases Unit, Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases Unit, Human Genetics Foundation, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Homuth, Georg" sort="Homuth, Georg" uniqKey="Homuth G" first="Georg" last="Homuth">Georg Homuth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huffman, Jennifer E" sort="Huffman, Jennifer E" uniqKey="Huffman J" first="Jennifer E." last="Huffman">Jennifer E. Huffman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff27"><addr-line>MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Porteous, David" sort="Porteous, David" uniqKey="Porteous D" first="David" last="Porteous">David Porteous</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff34"><addr-line>Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moradpour, Darius" sort="Moradpour, Darius" uniqKey="Moradpour D" first="Darius" last="Moradpour">Darius Moradpour</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff35"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iranzo, Alex" sort="Iranzo, Alex" uniqKey="Iranzo A" first="Alex" last="Iranzo">Alex Iranzo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff36"><addr-line>Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hebebrand, Johannes" sort="Hebebrand, Johannes" uniqKey="Hebebrand J" first="Johannes" last="Hebebrand">Johannes Hebebrand</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37"><addr-line>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kemp, John P" sort="Kemp, John P" uniqKey="Kemp J" first="John P." last="Kemp">John P. Kemp</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24"><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25"><addr-line>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lammers, Gert J" sort="Lammers, Gert J" uniqKey="Lammers G" first="Gert J." last="Lammers">Gert J. Lammers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff38"><addr-line>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Leyde</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff39"><addr-line>Sleep Wake Center SEIN, Heemstede, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Sleep Wake Center SEIN, Heemstede</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Heemstede</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aubert, Vincent" sort="Aubert, Vincent" uniqKey="Aubert V" first="Vincent" last="Aubert">Vincent Aubert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff40"><addr-line>Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heim, Markus H" sort="Heim, Markus H" uniqKey="Heim M" first="Markus H." last="Heim">Markus H. Heim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff41"><addr-line>Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Basel, Basel</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, Nicholas G" sort="Martin, Nicholas G" uniqKey="Martin N" first="Nicholas G." last="Martin">Nicholas G. Martin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montgomery, Grant W" sort="Montgomery, Grant W" uniqKey="Montgomery G" first="Grant W." last="Montgomery">Grant W. Montgomery</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff42"><addr-line>Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peraita Adrados, Rosa" sort="Peraita Adrados, Rosa" uniqKey="Peraita Adrados R" first="Rosa" last="Peraita-Adrados">Rosa Peraita-Adrados</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff43"><addr-line>Sleep and Epilepsy Unit - Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Sleep and Epilepsy Unit - Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santamaria, Joan" sort="Santamaria, Joan" uniqKey="Santamaria J" first="Joan" last="Santamaria">Joan Santamaria</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff36"><addr-line>Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Negro, Francesco" sort="Negro, Francesco" uniqKey="Negro F" first="Francesco" last="Negro">Francesco Negro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff44"><addr-line>Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Service of Clinical Pathology, Geneva, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Service of Clinical Pathology, Geneva</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Geneva</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Carsten O" sort="Schmidt, Carsten O" uniqKey="Schmidt C" first="Carsten O." last="Schmidt">Carsten O. Schmidt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff45"><addr-line>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scott, Robert A" sort="Scott, Robert A" uniqKey="Scott R" first="Robert A." last="Scott">Robert A. Scott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>MRC-Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC-Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spector, Tim D" sort="Spector, Tim D" uniqKey="Spector T" first="Tim D." last="Spector">Tim D. Spector</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Strauch, Konstantin" sort="Strauch, Konstantin" uniqKey="Strauch K" first="Konstantin" last="Strauch">Konstantin Strauch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff46"><addr-line>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff47"><addr-line>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Volzke, Henry" sort="Volzke, Henry" uniqKey="Volzke H" first="Henry" last="Völzke">Henry Völzke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff45"><addr-line>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J." last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>MRC-Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC-Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, Wei" sort="Yuan, Wei" uniqKey="Yuan W" first="Wei" last="Yuan">Wei Yuan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bell, Jordana T" sort="Bell, Jordana T" uniqKey="Bell J" first="Jordana T." last="Bell">Jordana T. Bell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chakravarti, Aravinda" sort="Chakravarti, Aravinda" uniqKey="Chakravarti A" first="Aravinda" last="Chakravarti">Aravinda Chakravarti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kooner, Jaspal S" sort="Kooner, Jaspal S" uniqKey="Kooner J" first="Jaspal S." last="Kooner">Jaspal S. Kooner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff48"><addr-line>Cardiovascular Science, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cardiovascular Science, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peters, Annette" sort="Peters, Annette" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Annette" last="Peters">Annette Peters</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff49"><addr-line>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50"><addr-line>Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetes, Neuherberg, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetes, Neuherberg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Neuherberg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matullo, Giuseppe" sort="Matullo, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Matullo G" first="Giuseppe" last="Matullo">Giuseppe Matullo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff30"><addr-line>Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases Unit, Human Genetics Foundation and Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genomic Variation in Human Populations and Complex Diseases Unit, Human Genetics Foundation and Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wallaschofski, Henri" sort="Wallaschofski, Henri" uniqKey="Wallaschofski H" first="Henri" last="Wallaschofski">Henri Wallaschofski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff51"><addr-line>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Whitfield, John B" sort="Whitfield, John B" uniqKey="Whitfield J" first="John B." last="Whitfield">John B. Whitfield</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23"><addr-line>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paccaud, Fred" sort="Paccaud, Fred" uniqKey="Paccaud F" first="Fred" last="Paccaud">Fred Paccaud</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff52"><addr-line>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vollenweider, Peter" sort="Vollenweider, Peter" uniqKey="Vollenweider P" first="Peter" last="Vollenweider">Peter Vollenweider</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff53"><addr-line>Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bergmann, Sven" sort="Bergmann, Sven" uniqKey="Bergmann S" first="Sven" last="Bergmann">Sven Bergmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beckmann, Jacques S" sort="Beckmann, Jacques S" uniqKey="Beckmann J" first="Jacques S." last="Beckmann">Jacques S. Beckmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tafti, Mehdi" sort="Tafti, Mehdi" uniqKey="Tafti M" first="Mehdi" last="Tafti">Mehdi Tafti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff54"><addr-line>Center for Integrative Genomics (CIG), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Integrative Genomics (CIG), University of Lausanne, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff55"><addr-line>Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (CIRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (CIRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hastie, Nicholas D" sort="Hastie, Nicholas D" uniqKey="Hastie N" first="Nicholas D." last="Hastie">Nicholas D. Hastie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff27"><addr-line>MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cusi, Daniele" sort="Cusi, Daniele" uniqKey="Cusi D" first="Daniele" last="Cusi">Daniele Cusi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><addr-line>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Lombardie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bochud, Murielle" sort="Bochud, Murielle" uniqKey="Bochud M" first="Murielle" last="Bochud">Murielle Bochud</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff52"><addr-line>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frayling, Timothy M" sort="Frayling, Timothy M" uniqKey="Frayling T" first="Timothy M." last="Frayling">Timothy M. Frayling</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff56"><addr-line>University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Exeter</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tartu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tartu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tartu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" sort="Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta" uniqKey="Jarvelin M" first="Marjo-Riitta" last="Jarvelin">Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff57"><addr-line>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff58"><addr-line>Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff59"><addr-line>Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff60"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff61"><addr-line>Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oulu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scherag, Andre" sort="Scherag, Andre" uniqKey="Scherag A" first="André" last="Scherag">André Scherag</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff62"><addr-line>Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Essen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff63"><addr-line>Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Jena</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Jena</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Jena</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, George Davey" sort="Smith, George Davey" uniqKey="Smith G" first="George Davey" last="Smith">George Davey Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24"><addr-line>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25"><addr-line>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borecki, Ingrid B" sort="Borecki, Ingrid B" uniqKey="Borecki I" first="Ingrid B." last="Borecki">Ingrid B. Borecki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rousson, Valentin" sort="Rousson, Valentin" uniqKey="Rousson V" first="Valentin" last="Rousson">Valentin Rousson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff52"><addr-line>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Joel N" sort="Hirschhorn, Joel N" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J" first="Joel N." last="Hirschhorn">Joel N. Hirschhorn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff15"><addr-line>Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research and Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research and Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><addr-line>Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff17"><addr-line>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rivolta, Carlo" sort="Rivolta, Carlo" uniqKey="Rivolta C" first="Carlo" last="Rivolta">Carlo Rivolta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Loos, Ruth J F" sort="Loos, Ruth J F" uniqKey="Loos R" first="Ruth J. F." last="Loos">Ruth J. F. Loos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>MRC-Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC-Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff64"><addr-line>The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff65"><addr-line>The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff66"><addr-line>The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kutalik, Zoltan" sort="Kutalik, Zoltan" uniqKey="Kutalik Z" first="Zoltán" last="Kutalik">Zoltán Kutalik</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><addr-line>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff52"><addr-line>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
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</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PLoS Genetics</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1553-7390</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1553-7404</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term>
<term>Body Mass Index</term>
<term>European Continental Ancestry Group (genetics)</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Gene Expression Regulation</term>
<term>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</term>
<term>Genome-Wide Association Study</term>
<term>Genomic Imprinting</term>
<term>Genotype</term>
<term>Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative (genetics)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Obesity (genetics)</term>
<term>Obesity (pathology)</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide (genetics)</term>
<term>Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain (genetics)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term>
<term>Canaux potassiques à pores à domaines en tandem (génétique)</term>
<term>Empreinte génomique</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Génotype</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Indice de masse corporelle</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Obésité (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Obésité (génétique)</term>
<term>Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple (génétique)</term>
<term>Population d'origine européenne (génétique)</term>
<term>Prédisposition génétique à une maladie</term>
<term>Régulation de l'expression des gènes</term>
<term>Transporteurs de glucose par diffusion facilitée (génétique)</term>
<term>Étude d'association pangénomique</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative</term>
<term>Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Obésité</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>European Continental Ancestry Group</term>
<term>Obesity</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Canaux potassiques à pores à domaines en tandem</term>
<term>Obésité</term>
<term>Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple</term>
<term>Population d'origine européenne</term>
<term>Transporteurs de glucose par diffusion facilitée</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Obesity</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term>
<term>Body Mass Index</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Gene Expression Regulation</term>
<term>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</term>
<term>Genome-Wide Association Study</term>
<term>Genomic Imprinting</term>
<term>Genotype</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term>
<term>Empreinte génomique</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Génotype</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Indice de masse corporelle</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Prédisposition génétique à une maladie</term>
<term>Régulation de l'expression des gènes</term>
<term>Étude d'association pangénomique</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The phenotypic effect of some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) depends on their parental origin. We present a novel approach to detect parent-of-origin effects (POEs) in genome-wide genotype data of unrelated individuals. The method exploits increased phenotypic variance in the heterozygous genotype group relative to the homozygous groups. We applied the method to >56,000 unrelated individuals to search for POEs influencing body mass index (BMI). Six lead SNPs were carried forward for replication in five family-based studies (of ∼4,000 trios). Two SNPs replicated: the paternal rs2471083-C allele (located near the imprinted <italic>KCNK9</italic>
 gene) and the paternal rs3091869-T allele (located near the <italic>SLC2A10</italic>
 gene) increased BMI equally (beta = 0.11 (SD), P<0.0027) compared to the respective maternal alleles. Real-time PCR experiments of lymphoblastoid cell lines from the CEPH families showed that expression of both genes was dependent on parental origin of the SNPs alleles (P<0.01). Our scheme opens new opportunities to exploit GWAS data of unrelated individuals to identify POEs and demonstrates that they play an important role in adult obesity.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Espagne</li>
<li>Estonie</li>
<li>Finlande</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Italie</li>
<li>Pays-Bas</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>Suisse</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Angleterre de l'Est</li>
<li>Bavière</li>
<li>Canton de Vaud</li>
<li>Catalogne</li>
<li>Communauté de Madrid</li>
<li>District de Haute-Bavière</li>
<li>Grand Londres</li>
<li>Groningue (province)</li>
<li>Hollande-Méridionale</li>
<li>Languedoc-Roussillon</li>
<li>Lombardie</li>
<li>Maryland</li>
<li>Massachusetts</li>
<li>Missouri (État)</li>
<li>Occitanie (région administrative)</li>
<li>Piémont</li>
<li>Texas</li>
<li>Écosse</li>
<li>État de New York</li>
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<settlement><li>Barcelone</li>
<li>Cambridge</li>
<li>Groningue</li>
<li>Lausanne</li>
<li>Leyde</li>
<li>Londres</li>
<li>Madrid</li>
<li>Milan</li>
<li>Montpellier</li>
<li>Munich</li>
<li>Turin</li>
<li>Édimbourg</li>
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<orgName><li>Université d'Édimbourg</li>
<li>Université de Cambridge</li>
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Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

Novel Approach Identifies SNPs in SLC2A10 and KCNK9 with Evidence for Parent-of-Origin Effect on Body Mass Index

Novel Approach Identifies SNPs in SLC2A10 and KCNK9 with Evidence for Parent-of-Origin Effect on Body Mass Index

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	Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie
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